The effects of vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation on mental health parameters and metabolic status in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary h

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation on mental health parameters and metabolic status in diabetic people with coronary heart disease (CHD).

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out among 60 diabetic people with CHD, aged 45–85years old. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 50,000IU vitamin D every 2weeks plus 8×10⁹  CFU/g probiotic of Lactocare Zisttakhmir Co (n=30) or placebo (n=30) for 12weeks. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline and after the 12-week intervention to determine metabolic profiles.

Results:After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation resulted in significant improvements in beck depression inventory total score (−2.8±3.8 vs. −0.9±2.1, P=0.01), beck anxiety inventory scores (−2.1±2.3 vs. −0.8±1.4, P=0.009) and general health questionnaire scores (−3.9±4.1 vs. −1.1±3.4, P=0.005). Compared with the placebo, vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation resulted in significant reductions in serum insulin levels (−2.8±3.8 vs.+0.2±4.9 μIU/mL, P=0.009), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (−1.0±1.6 vs.
−0.1±1.5, P=0.02), and a significant increase in serum 25-OH-vitamin D (+11.8±5.9 vs. +0.1±1.4ng/mL, P<0.001), the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.03±0.04 vs. −0.001±0.01, P=0.003) and serum HDL cholesterol levels (+2.3±3.5 vs. −0.5±3.8mg/dL, P=0.004). In addition, changes in serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)(−950.0±1811.2 vs.+260.5±2298.2ng/mL, P=0.02), plasma nitric oxide (NO) (+1.7±4.0 vs −1.4±6.7μmol/L, P=0.03) and plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+12.6±41.6 vs. −116.9±324.2mmol/L, P=0.03) in the supplemented group were significantly different from the changes in these indicators in the placebo group.

Conclusions: Overall, vitamin D and probiotic co-supplementation after 12weeks among diabetic people with CHD had beneficial effects on mental health parameters, serum hs-CRP, plasma NO, TAC, glycemic control and HDL-cholesterol levels